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| KS7314 GENERAL DESCRIPTION DIGITAL ZOOM 80-QFP-1212 The KS7314 offers enlarged image through the zoom effect attained by horizontal and vertical interpolation of luminance and chrominance signal input supplied from CCD digital signal processor (KS7306) implemented by employing a 2nd generation electronic zoom IC which electronically enlarges the image picked up by the CCD of a camcorder. Besides, it provides a function of correcting wobble of camera holding hands, being coupled with the worked of a gyro-sensor, and a special effect function namely the mosaic mirror in addition. ORERING INFORMATION FEATURES Device KS7314 Package 80-QFP-1212 Operating Temperature 0 ~ +70C - 256 discrete zoom steps. - Field memoriless zoom operation. - Vertical image expansion and vertical interpolation by the control of a built-in 2H delay line. - Zoom operation dependent upon Y, R-Y, B-Y signal input (Source Format 4:1:1). - Variable zoom ratio technology applicable to horizontal and vertical directions (Styling Effect): - Correction of wobbling hand by the sub-pixels in vertical direction. - Correction of wobbling hand in horizontal direction. - Provision of special effects available: . Horizontal mirror technology. . Variable 16 mode mosaic block size technology. (Mosaic function available in EIS mode) - Linear interpolation algorithm applied to both luminance and chroma signals in horizontal and vertical directions. - Applicable to wide TV screen with 630,000 pixels. - Applicable to world-wide models, of different systems like NTSC/PAL, HI8/NORMAL, and DVC. - Electronic zoom ratio: Expansion available upto four times (4x) maximum, and the more in horizontal zooming. - Operable normally at 3.3 / 5.0 voltages. VID-97-D003 February 1997 1 KS7314 PIN CONFIGULATION DIGITAL ZOOM BISTON ERROR TEST0 TEST2 42 VDD2 VDD1 LHLD FLD VD PCK RST HD 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 TEST1 DONE VDD1 PBLK VBLK GND GND 41 40 GND 39 NAND-OUT 38 VDD1 37 MULTO 36 DZSCSN PAL 61 FWEN 62 GND 63 GSCK 64 GSI 65 GSCSN 66 VDD1 67 GND 68 UVCK 69 GND 70 CI0 71 CI1 72 CI2 73 CI3 74 VDD1 75 CO0 76 CO1 77 CO2 78 CO3 79 VDD2 80 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 TEST3 35 DZSI 34 DZSCK 33 GND 32 GND 31 DZCBLKO 30 DZBFO 29 DZCSYNCO 28 VDD1 27 GND 26 DZCBLKI 25 DZBFI 24 DZCSYNCI 23 GND 22 GND 21 GND KS7314 YI1 VDD1 YO1 GND YI0 YI2 YI3 YI4 YI5 YI7 VDD2 GND YI6 YO2 YO3 YO0 YO4 YO5 YO6 YO7 VID-97-D003 February 1997 2 KS7314 BLOCK DIAGRAM TEST ENABLE 1H DLine X S/H X X Postprocessor X YI [ 7:0 ] Luminance signal vertical expansion 8 1H DLine TEST BLOCK Luminance signal vertical interpolation block Luminance signal horizontal interpolation block YI [ 7:0 ] Preprocessor SYST. MICOM MEMORY Controller VERTICAL , GENERATION HORIZONTAL , GENERATION GYRO MICOM MICOM INTERFACE SYSTEM DELAY ADJUST BFI CBLKI CSYNCI BFO CBLKO CSYNCO VID-97-D003 February 1997 8 1H DLine 1H DLine S/H X X Chroma signal vertical interpolation block Chroma signal horizontal interpolation block X Chroma signal horizontal expansion X CI [ 3:0 ] Preprocessor Postprocessor CO [3:0 ] TIMING GENERATOR DIGITAL ZOOM Control signal (PCK,UVCK,HD,VD,VBLK,LHLD,FWEN,PBLK,RST) 3 KS7314 PIN DESCRIPTIONS No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Symbol YI0 YI1 YI2 GND YI3 YI4 YI5 VDD1 YI6 YI7 YO0 YO1 GND YO2 YO3 YO4 VDD2 YO5 YO6 YO7 GND GND GND DZCSYNC1 DZBFI DZCBLKI GND VDD1 DZCSYNCO DZBFO DZCBLKO I/O I I I G I I I P I I O O G O O O P O O O G G G I I I G P O O O From / To DCP / DCP / DCP / DCP/ DCP / DCP / DCP/ DCP / DCP / DCP / DCP/ DCP / DCP / DCP/ DCP / DCP / DCP/ DCP / DCP / / DCP / DCP / DCP DIGITAL ZOOM Description Luminance signal input Luminance signal input Luminance signal input Ground Luminance signal input Luminance signal input Luminance signal input Power(3.3 V) Luminance signal input Luminance signal input Luminance signal output Luminance signal output Ground Luminance signal output Luminance signal output Luminance signal output Power(5.0 V) Luminance signal output Luminance signal output Luminance signal output Ground Ground Ground CSYNC input for delay adjust Burst Flag input for delay adjust CBLK input for delay adjust Ground Power(3.3 V) Delayed CSYNC output Delayed BURST FLAG output Delayed CBLK output VID-97-D003 February 1997 4 KS7314 (Continued) No 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Symbol GND GND DZSCK DZSI DZSCSN MUL-TO VDD1 NAND-OUT GND TEST3 TEST2 TEST1 TEST0 GND DONE ERROR BISTON VDD1 VDD1 PCK GND LHLD HD VBLK VD FLD VDD2 RST PBLK PAL FWEN I/O G G I I I O P O G I I I I G O O I P P I G I I I I I P I I I I FROM / TO S.MICOM / S.MICOM / S.MICOM / TGM / L TEM / TGM / TGM / TGM / SYSTEM / TEM / TGM / Ground Ground DIGITAL ZOOM Description System micom data sampling clock System micom data serial input System micom data enable Signal input Multiplier test output Power(3.3 V) NAND TREE TEST output Ground Test signal input Test signal input Test signal input Test signal input Ground Memory bist end signal output Memory bist error signal input Memory bist enable signal input Power(3.3 V) Power(3.3 V) System clock Ground linememory hold signal input Horizontal drive pulse input Vertical blank signal input Vertical drive pulse input Field selection signal input Power(5.0 V) System reset signal input Pre-blank Signal input for Linememory Reset NTSC/PAL Signal input (PAL : High) Linememory hold signal VID-97-D003 February 1997 5 KS7314 (Continued) No 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Symbol GND GSCK GSI GSCSN VDD1 GND UVCK GND CI0 CI1 CI2 CI3 VDD1 CO0 CO1 CO2 CO3 VDD2 I/O G I I I P G I G I I I I P O O O O P FROM / TO G.MICOM / G.MICOM / G.MICOM / DCP / DCP / DCP / DCP / DCP / DCP / DCP / DCP / DCP / Ground DIGITAL ZOOM Description Gyro micom data sampling clock Gyro micom data serial input Gyro micom data enable signal input Power(3.3 V) Ground Clock input for (R.Y)/(B-Y) judgement Ground Chroma signal input Chroma signal input Chroma signal input Chroma signal input Power(3.3 V) Chroma signal output Chroma signal output Chroma signal output Chroma signal output Power(5.0 V) VID-97-D003 February 1997 6 KS7314 FUNCTIONS OF BLOCKS Function Block LUMINANCE HORIZONTAL INTERPOLATION LUMINANCE VERTICAL INTERPOLATION CHROMA HORIZONTAL INTERPOLATION CHROMA VERTICAL INTERPOLATION HORIZONTAL COEFFICIENT GENERATION VERTICAL COEFFICIENT GENERATION LINE MEMORY CONTROLLER TIMING GENERATION MICOM INTERFACE GYRO MICOM INTERFACE DIGITAL ZOOM Function Performed Interpolates linearly of luminance signal in horizontal direction. Interpolates linearly of luminance signal in vertical direction. Interpolates linearly of chroma signal in horizontal direction. Interpolates linearly of chroma signal in vertical direction. Generates horizontal interpolation coefficient for luminance and chroma signals. Generates EVEN/ODD field vertical interpolation coefficient for luminance and chroma signals. Generates READ/WRITE ADDRESS for 1H DELAY LINE for horizontal image expansion and 1H delay line for vertical interpolation. Generates time signals for controls. Decodes zoom/DVC/Special Effect mode. Decodes wobbling hand correction level signal. VID-97-D003 February 1997 7 KS7314 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATIGS Characteristics Supply voltage Input voltage Output voltage Storage temperature Operating temperature Latch-up currant Symbol VDD VI VO TSTG TOPR ILU Value -0.3 ~ +7.0 -0.3 ~ VDD+0.3 -0.3 ~ VDD+0.3 -40 ~ +125 0 ~ +70 100 DIGITAL ZOOM Unit V V V C C mA ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - DC (TOPR = 0 ~ +70C) Characteristics Operating voltage for Internal Operating voltage for I/O cell ground Input high voltage Input low voltage Operating current Standby current Output high voltage (IOH = -1mA) Output low voltage (IOL = 1mA) Input high leakage current(VI = 0 ~ VDD) Input low leakage Current(VI = 0 ~ VDD) IIL -10 +10 IIH -10 +10 VOL 0.4 V A A VOH 2.4 V Symbol VDD1 VDD2 VSS VIH VIL IDD IDS Min 3.1 4.75 0 0.7VDD2 Typ 3.3 5.0 0 Max 3.5 5.25 0 0.3VDD2 100 1 Unit V V V V V mA mA * VDD1 : Pin No 8, 28, 38, 49, 50, 67, 75 VDD2 : Pin No 17, 58, 80 VID-97-D003 February 1997 8 KS7314 - AC DIGITAL ZOOM (TOPR = 0 ~ +70C, ts = 100ns) Symbol YI Data setup time YI Data hold time CI Data setup time CI Data hold time UVCK clock delay time tYST tYHT tCST tCHT tD Min 25 3 25 3 3 Typ Max 35 ns Unit tS PCK UVCK YI<7:0> tD tYST tYHT tCST 1CHT B-Y (M) B-Y (L) CI<3:0> R-Y (M) R-Y (L) VID-97-D003 February 1997 9 KS7314 MICOM INTERFACE 1. NEC SYSTEM MICOM INTERFACEPD78014) ( DIGITAL ZOOM Serial Port Timing Characteristics ( f CLK = 12MHZ) Characteristics Serial port clock cycle time Serial port clock high, low width Input data setup to clock rising edge Input data hold after clock rising edge SCSN setup time SCSN hold time Symbol tSCK tWH , tWL tS tH tSCN tSHD Min 1300 556 30 30 30 30 Typ Max ns Unit tSHD SCSN SCK tSCN tWL tWH tSCK tS tH D7 D6 SI VID-97-D003 February 1997 10 KS7314 2.GYRO MICOM INTERFACE(CXD81120) Characteristics Serial port clock cycle time Input data setup to clock rising edge Input data hold after clock rising edge Serial port clock high, low width SCSN Setup Time SCSN Hold Time Symbol tSCK tS t tWH , tWL tSCN tSHD Min 2000 30 30 700 30 30 Typ - DIGITAL ZOOM Max - Unit ns - tSHD SCSN tSCN tWL tWH SCK tSCK tS tH SI VID-97-D003 February 1997 11 KS7314 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION AND OPERATION (Implementation of 2nd generation electronic zoom) DIGITAL ZOOM 1. System block configeration I (EIS+D.Zoom + Spec. Effect ) HiDensity CCD CDS /AGC 2 A/D 3 DCP (KS7306) 4 Y/C 5 V.DRIVE 1 TGM/SSG (KS7213) D. ZOOM (KS7314) GYRO SYSTEM MICOM MICOM Fig.1 I/Electronic zoom 2nd generation applied camcorder camera system The electronic zoom 2nd generation which enlarges images without using field memory performs electronic zooming process by means of image extention first and then the signal interpolation. In the 1st process of image zooming, the vertical zooming is accomplished by the control of image data read-out pulse from CCD, and the generation of CCD read-out pulse is accomplished at TGM(KS7213) with the input of electronic zooming ratio data supplied from the System Micom. The image being vertically extended for the electronic zooming is fed to DCP(KS7306) in its form of image as is extended only in vertical. At the DCP(KS7306), image interpolation for the vertically zoomed image by NNI is first performed according to the line hold signal. This is the process of removing blank data existing in between lines of a vertically zoomed image. The image data first interpolated at the fed to the electronic zoom (KS7314). The image input seperated in luminance and chroma signals snaped in 4:1:1 from fed to the DCP is then processed for horizontal extention within the electronic zoom for the horizontal zooming. Horizontal extention is accomplished through the address control of line memory self-containted in the electronic zoom processor. Then the image data first extended as such is interpolated in vertical and horizontal directions by the innerinterpolation function of electronic zoom processor. The discussion so far relates the functional process of the electronic zoom, and now the hand wobble correction is accomplished in the following manner. The hand wobble data of camcorder detected by the gyro-sensor and gyro-micom is fed to TGM for vertical compensation by lines and the vertical compensation is performed by the control of CCD read out pulse supplied by TGM. The image data readily compensated of vertical agitation by lines is then fed to the electronic zoom througn DCP to perform horizontal correction of hand wobble through the use of the line memories for horizontal extention within electronic zoom. In other words, the correction of horizontal hand wobble is implemanted by pixels with the use of read address of the line memories. The correction of hand wobble in vertical and horizontal detailed to sub-pixels is reflected in the creation of interpolation coefficient with which the interpolation is implemented. VID-97-D003 February 1997 12 KS7314 DIGITAL ZOOM For the horizontal wobble correction, a fixed ratio of electronic zooming needs to be maintainted in the electronic zoom, and for the vertical wobble correction, employment of a high density CCD is required. The threshold for the correction of hand wobble is dependent upon the number of effective lines of the high density CCD and the horizontal zoom ratio of the electronic zoom. 2. System block configuration II (electronic zoom and special effect blocks) CDS /AGC CCD V.DRIVE 2 A/D 3 DCP (KS7306) 4 Y/C D. ZOOM (KS7314) 5 1 TGM/SSG (KS7213) SYSTEM MICOM Fig. 2 Camcorder camera system of electronic zoom 2nd generation application Fig. 2 above illustrates camcorder camera system with an electronic zoom function. The difference between the above system to the camcorder camera system with electronic zoom and hand wobble correction function is that, the former dose not, for the attainment of image stability, employ high density CCD purposed for the vertical correction of hand wobble. The signal process system explained below and electronic zoom signal process system are identical to the one illustrated in Fig.1. As for this camcorder camera system, it is important that all aspect of signal procesing needs to go through the electronic zoom process (KS7314) in reason that repetition of KS7314 chip enable/disable occuring at every time the electronic zoom turns to on/off would entail screen shift of the image. So to speak the screen shift occurs just so much as the electronic zoom processing delay develops. In order to compensate the electronic zoom system, the video data are delayed so much as the processing delay of electronic zoom using the synchronizing signal(burst flag, CBLK or CSYNC), and then passed to the signal processor(KS7306). The special effect is implemented in the following manner. The special effect data in serial format supplied from the system micom are first converted to parallel format and then the mirror effect in horizontal direction and the mosaic effect in vertical direction are implemented being controlled by the read address of line memories for horizontal expansion and the read/write enable signal while the mosaic effect in horizontal direction of achieved by the conversion of sampling frequency against the fully interpolated image data. In particular, the mosaic effect can also be achived in EIS mode. VID-97-D003 February 1997 13 KS7314 3. EIS / Systemmicom interface EIS MICOM Level of horizontal hand whole Level of vertical hand whole INTERFACE INTEGER SUB-PIXEL OFFSET INTEGER SUB-PIXEL SUB-PIXEL OFSET TO Digital Zoom (KS7314) Digital Zoom (KS7314) TGM (KS7213) TGM (KS7213) Digital Zoom (KS7314) DIGITAL ZOOM Remarks 2s Complement 2s Complement 2s Complement 2s Complement Positive only Table 1. EIS micom interface SYSTEM MICOM Horizontal zoom Start Point SUB-PIXEL OFFSET INTERFACE INTEGER TO Digital Zoom (KS7314) Digital Zoom (KS7314) Remarks LINEMEMORY READ ADDRESS to decide Entered into horizontal interpolation coefficient part Entered into horizontal Horizontal electronic zoom INTEGER Digital Zoom (KS7314) TGM (KS7213) TGM (KS7213) interpolation coefficient part CCD LINE SKIP to decide Entered into vertical interpolation coefficient part Generate line hold signal Vertical coefficient part Vertical zoom Start Point SUB-PIXEL OFFSET Digital ZOOM(KS7314) TGM (KS7213) Vertical electronic zoom RATIO INVERSE Digital Zoom(KS7314) Table 2. SYSTEM MICOM INTERFACE Tables 1 and 2 summarise the interfacing data formats of EIS micom(Gyro micom) and system micom respectively. In EIS micom interfacing of Table 1, the data for horizontal hand tremble is supplied to KS7314. The default line skip level and vertical hand tremble level art not computed by EIS micom, but the line skip is determined finally by KS7213 after the operation of vertical hand tremble level data entries , taken in the form of 2 s complement. The vertical sub-pixel hand tremble level data are, however, converted to positive value before they are entered. In system micom interfacing of Table 2, the start point data of horizontal/vertical electronic zooming are computed by the following formulae and then transmitted to KS7314 and KS7213. Electronic zoom start point = Width(or Height) * (1-(1/Zoom Ratio))/2 = Width(or Height) * (Elec. Zoom Step)/(2*256) where width or height represent the value of effective pixels of CCD and in case the high density CCD and FCM of EIS application are used, they then represent effective line output of high density CCD and effective pixel number respectively. The figure 256 standing in above formulae explains that each of pixel is devided in 256 parts for the electronic zooming. The electronic zoom ratio data are generated in the form of electronic zoom step for the horizontal element and electronic zoom ratio inverse for the vertical element. VID-97-D003 February 1997 14 KS7314 4. KS7314 input video data format DIGITAL ZOOM PCK UVCK YI<7:0> CI<3:0> x x Y1 Y2 Y3 Bm1 Y4 BI1 Y5 Rm2 Y6 RI2 Y7 Bm2 Y8 BI2 Y9 Rm3 Rm1 Rl1 Fig. 3 Electronic zoom input video data format(4:1:1) F Fig. 3 illustrates video data format input to KS7314 fed from KS7306. The Luminance and chroma D Data are in 4:1:1 format and the chroma data are entered in sequence of (R-Y)LSB, (B-Y)MSB, and (B-Y) LSB. The UVCH signal distinguish R-Y to B-Y. The LBLKO is the signal used to reset the counter during the process of generating READ/WRITE address of the line memory. And the F duration in which LBKO is at high level is the effective pixel section. KS7314 generates LBLK signal that is used as the counter reset signal of line memory address self-contained in the line memory address of KS7314. Considering that 28CK is developed during the process of effective data of KS7306, LBLK is delayed to create LBLKD for use as reset signal of line memory counter. F The chroma input of 4 formation is restructered to 8 bit signal before the application to the interpolation. 5. Line memory reset signal (LBLK) generation PBLK HD LBLK 36CK LBLKD VID-97-D003 February 1997 15 KS7314 6. Vertical interpolation LHLD BETA 9 DIGITAL ZOOM ADDR 1H DELAY LINE x to Horizontal Interpolator Horizontally extended video data x 8 ALPHA Fig. 4-1 Vertical interpolation circuit 1.22ns 1.1ns ADDRESS CK WEN 0.1ns 0.1ns OEN 0.1ns 0.1ns DATA_IN 0.1ns 5.69ns Fig. 4-2 H delay line timing specification for vertical interpolation application Fig. 4-1 is the vertical interpolating circuit applicable to luminance and chroma signals both. The vertical video input data for the vertical interpolator is readily processed for horizontal video extension using the linememory at the former stage of luminance and chroma signal horizontal extender. In the vertical interpolation block, the interpolation coefficients Alpha and Beta generated by the vertical interpolating coefficient generator are applied in the interpolation operation. Fig. 4-2 dipicts 1H delay line timing specification applied to vertical interpolation. The function of read and write is performed in the method of read first and write second in 2 cycles of linememory clock. The AC timing above should be regarded as the minimum. VID-97-D003 February 1997 16 KS7314 7. Horizontal interpolation procedure BETA 8 CK S/H DIGITAL ZOOM x to Post Processor Vertically interpolated video data 9 x ALPHA Fig. 5 Luminance signal horizontal interpolation circuit Prior to the horizontal interpolation process, the video data are extended at the horizontal extension part and passed to the vertical interpolation part for vertical process and then entered into the horizontal interpolation part. The horizontal interpolation part is configured of luminance data horizontal interpolation part and chroma data horizontal interpolation part. The chroma data and are entered R-Y and B-Y components alternatively that the data are interpolated separately by the components before they are put to liner interpolation process. VID-97-D003 February 1997 17 KS7314 8. Generation of interpolating coefficient 1) Generation of horizontal interpolating coefficient Data (zrd) supplied by micom 00000000 00000001 : 10000000 : 11000000 Interpol. Coeff.() 1 255/256 : 128/256 : 64/256 Interpol. Coeff.() 0 1/256 : 128/256 : 192/256 Zooming DIGITAL ZOOM ratio(256/(256-ZRD)) x1 256/255 : x2 : x4 Zoom Step. 0 1 : 128 : 192 Table 3. Zoom ratio data(horizontal) supplied by the system micom Motion vector decimal 0.75 (11000000) 0.5 (10000000) 0.25 (01000000) 0 (00000000) Interpolation coeff. () 192/256 128/256 64/256 1 Interpolation coeff. () 64/256 128/256 192/256 0 Table 4. Relation of EIS micom output decimals of horizontal hand tremble level to interpolation coefficient Table 3 Illustrates the system micom transmission data(ZRD) for generation of horizontal interpolating coefficient for electronic zooming. Table 4 Illustrates EIS micom transmission data for generation of interpolating coefficient for decimal level correction of hand trembles. VID-97-D003 February 1997 18 KS7314 DIGITAL ZOOM 2) Generation of vertical interpolation coefficient Micom supplied data(ZMIV) 00000000 11111111 : 10000000 : 01000000 Interpolating coefficient() 0 255/256 : 128/256 : 64/256 Interpolating coefficient() 1 1/256 : 128/256 : 192/256 Zoom ratio (256/ZMIV) X1 256/255 : X2 : X4 ZOOM STEP 0 1 : 128 : 192 Table 5. Zoom ratio inverse data(vertical) transmitted by system micom Zoom ratio data(ZMIV) 0 255 254 : 128 : 64 Interpolating coefficient() 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, . . . 0, 255/256, 254/256, 253/256, 252/256, . . 0, 254/256, 252/256, 250/256, 248/256,. . : 0, 128/256, 0, 128/256, 0, . . . : 0, 64/256, 128/256, 192/256, 0, . . Interpolating coefficient() 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, . . . 1, 1/256, 2/256, 3/256, 4/256, . . 1, 2/256, 4/256, 6/256, 8/256, . . : 1, 128/256, 1, 128/256, 1, . . : 1, 192/256, 128/256, 64/256, 1, . . Table 6. An example of generating vertical interpolating coefficient based on zoom ratio data The data entered to vertical interpolating coefficient generation part consist of zoom ratio inverse data, and vertical sub-pixel hand tremble data supplied from EIS micom. The vertical interpolating coefficient is generated based on the above data. The vertical sub-pixel hand tremble data supplied by EIS micom would look identical to what shown by Table 4 above. The vertical interpolating coefficient applies equally to luminance and chroma. The vertical interpolating coefficient and responding to specific zoom ratio are tabulated in Table 6 above. Upon the entry of zoom ratio data, interpolation coefficient , interpolation coefficient is generated. The interpoltion coefficients showing on Table 3 are generated continuously and then zooming process is implemented after separate operation of the coefficient and the pixel data entered to the zoom processor. VID-97-D003 February 1997 19 KS7314 9. Special effect I (Horizontal mirror effect) DIGITAL ZOOM Horizontal mirror effect is termed after the fact that the function offers symmetrical images siding by he upright axis in the center of screen just like a mirror reflection. The effect is achieved by the control of Read Address of 1H delay line used in the horizontal expansion of luminance and hue signals inside the zoom processor. Practically the function is implemented by means of counting the number of effective pixels in the image input to KS7314 and assign half the count as the horizontal mirror point and then perform control up/down of read address counter when read address is generated. PCK UVCK Luminance Chrominance Y1 R1 Y2 Y3 B1 Y4 Y5 R2 Y6 Y7 B2 Y8 Y8 R2 Y7 Y6 B2 Y5 Y4 R1 Mirror point Fig. 6 Mirror read address timing diagram 10. Special effect II (Style) The function allows image expansion in horizontal or vertical direction independently from each other. The supply of zoom ratio data from the micom separated in horizontal and vertical directions enables to stage such effect of an image. In case the zoom ratio data from the micom specify 2 power in horizontal and single power in vertical direction, the zoom processor needs to perform interpolation only in horizontal direction. In this way an image of different magnification either in the horizontal or the vertical independently from each other is obtainable. The application of zoom ratio data separated in directions supplied by the micom to the circuit of the zoom processor where the horizontal and vertical interpolating coefficients are gernerated can implement the special effect function easily. VID-97-D003 February 1997 20 KS7314 11. Special effect III (Mosaic) DIGITAL ZOOM The mosaic function offers the user an ability to form a set size of blocked area on screen to display the image with obscure outline. The room processor supports mosic effect implemented in block sizes of 4x4, 8x8, 12x12, 16x16, . . . 60x60, 64x64 making 16 sizes altogeter. To obtain mosaic effect, first decide on mosaic size and then fill out the block with uniform pixel value for every pixel in the block. The process should performed according to luminance and chroma signals separately. As for the process of luminance signal, in order to maintain uniform brightness of pixels, take the first pixel value of most upper-left of the block as the representative value, and then replace all the rest of pixel values in the block. For the process of replacing all the pixel values with the representative value, first adapt the system clock to conform selected mosaic mode by means of demultiplying the clock by 4, 8, . . . 64 and use this demultiplied clock as the mosaic clock. The case of chroma signal is fairly complicated. Since the chroma signal alternates R-Y to B-Y by the clock, the luminance method can not be directly applied and that the adjustment of mosaic clock is necessary to maintain R-Y and B-Y chroma components. The replacement of vertical pixel value with the representative value can be achieved by read/write enable control of 1H delay line applied in horizontal expansion. In the vertical signal process for a mosaic, attention is invited to the fact that the standard TV screen comes separated in even and odd fields by interlaced scanning, signal process only in a half of that required in the horizontal process would be sufficient. For example of a 8x8 mosaic mode, only 4 lines of mosaic video process vertical will display square mosaic block on screen. And in the same manner, the mosaic process of luminance and chroma signals in vertical direction can be performed. In case of a vertical mosaic, the system delay in vertical direction may vary depending on the type of camcorder usage. That user may, in case of vertical mosaic operation, take the dummy data of black level appearing on the top side of the screen for the initial mosaic start line, and a symptom in which the black level on the top side would grow as the mosaic block size grows may develop. The system micom is, therefore, designed to be capable of controlling vertical mosaic start line in order to avoid such symptom. The mosaic function is enabled in EIS electronic image stabilizer mode of operation. PCK UVCK Luminance Chrominance R1 B1 Y1 R1 B1 R2 Y9 B2 R2 Fig. 7 Horizontal mosaic timing diagram (8 x8 mosaic) VID-97-D003 February 1997 21 KS7314 DIGITAL ZOOM VBLK HD CCD OUTPUT KS7314 INPUT MOSAIC OUTPUT 1 2 1 3 2 4 3 1 5 4 1 6 5 1 7 6 1 8 7 5 9 8 5 10 9 5 11 10 5 12 11 9 13 12 9 Vertical mosaic initial line of execution Fig. 8 Vertical mosaic timing diagram (8 x8 mosaic) 12. Digital video interface KS7314 has a built-in DVC interface for application to digital video camcorders. In other words, the luminance and chroma signal output of KS7314 can be used as an input to DVC encorder, without the need of transmitting the output to KS7306 which is the signal processor. For this purpose, it is capable to adjust chroma signal timing in DVC mode against luminance signal and synchronization signal 8CK by the system clock unit. KS7314 takes input of DVC mode recognition signal and the delay adjustment value for the chroma signal, form the micom. 13. Delay adjust The processing delay developed in the process of electronic zooming should be compensated and the compensation can be achieved by delaying the signals related to active display of image as much time as the elcetronic zoom processing delay. Namely, the input of signals of CBLK, CSYNC, and CBF from the digital camera processor(DCP) is taken to process and then it is entered back to DCP. The vertical delay is not adjusted particulary in electronic zoom process now that PBLK is used in DCP as the line memory reset, the signal gets readily processed before the image effective pixel process and thus vertical delay is not considered. The elcetronic zoom processing delay ranges 20 system clock in total and it develops to 28 system clock for KS7314 in DVC mode. VID-97-D003 February 1997 22 KS7314 REGISTER TABLE 1. Micom command register REG. Name 7 DZ MODE) DZ 0 1 MODE DZ OFF D.ZOOM EIS 0 1 MODE EIS OFF EIS ON EFCT 0 1 EIS EFCT VADJ HADJ REGISTER DESCRIPTION COMMAND REGISTER (HEADER) DIGITAL ZOOM 0 DVC MODE EFFECT OFF EFFECET ON VADJ 00 COMMAND (HEADER) 01 10 11 MODE 2 H DELAY 3 H DELAY 4 H DELAY 5 H DELAY HADJ 00 01 10 11 MODE 32 CK DELAY 36 CK DELAY 40 CK DELAY 44 CK DELAY DVC 0 1 MODE NORMAL ZOOM ZOOM for DVC notes) VADJ : VBLK DELAY ADJUST HADJ : LBLK DEALY ADJUST Possible synchronous realization of Mosaic and EIS Impossible synchronous realization of Mirror and D.Zoom Note ) System micom interface timing SCSN SCLK SI 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 word 8(1 Byte) command(1 Byte) control data(9 Byte) VID-97-D003 February 1997 23 KS7314 2. System Micom Register Table 1) Zoom register table REG. Name WORD 0 WORD 1 HZOOM (ZRD) VZOOM (ZMIV) DIGITAL ZOOM REGISTER DESCRIPTION HORIZONTAL ZOOM STEP. ( 0 ~ 192 : X 1 ~ X 4 ) VERTICAL ZOOM STEP. (256 ~ 64 : X 1 ~ X 4 ) HORIZONTAL START READ ADDRESS.(16 BIT) WORD 2 WORD 3 HSP 15 0 9 8 0 ~ 511 0 WORD 4 WORD 5 WORD 6 HSUB VOFFO VOFFE HORIZONTAL ZOOM START SUB PIXEL. ( 0 ~ 255 ) VERTICAL ZOOM START SUB PIXEL ODD FIELD (0~255) VERTICAL ZOOM START SUB PIXEL EVEN FIELD (0~255) DELAY ADJUST(2s COMPLEMENT) for DVC 7 SIGN SIGN 0 0 0 0 0 0 X X X DL3 DL2 DL1 MODE 0 PCK DELAY +1 PCK DELAY +2 PCK DELAY +3 PCK DELAY +4 PCK DELAY +5 PCK DELAY +6 PCK DELAY +7 PCK DELAY +8 PCK DELAY -8 PCK DELAY -7 PCK DELAY -6 PCK DELAY -5 PCK DELAY -4 PCK DELAY -3 PCK DELAY -2 PCK DELAY -1 PCK DELAY 0 DL0 DL3 DL2 DL1 DL0 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 WORD 7 DVC_DLY 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 VID-97-D003 February 1997 24 KS7314 DIGITAL ZOOM 2) Effect register table REG. Name REGISTER DESCRIPTION 7 MIRROR 6 MOSAIC 0 MODE) VALUE 0 4 WORD 8 EFFECT 8 12 16 ... 60 64 128 MODE MOSAIC OFF 4 X 4 MOSAIC 8 X 8 MOSAIC 12 X 12 MOSAIC 16 X 16 MOSAIC ... 60 X 60 MOSAIC 64 X 64 MOSAIC Horizontal MIRROR COMMAND REGISTER 111XXXX0 001XXXX0 010XXXX0 100XXXX0 110XXXX0 111XXXX1 001XXXX1 010XXXX1 100XXXX1 110XXXX1 CONTROL DATA REGISTER D.ZOOM / EIS / MOSAIC ON (Non-DVC Mode) EFFECT ON (MIRROR /MOSAIC) (Non-DVC Mode) EIS ON (Non-DVC Mode) D.ZOOM ON (Non-DVC Mode) D.ZOOM / EIS ON (Non-DVC Mode) D.ZOOM / EIS / MOSAIC ON (DVC Mode) EFFECT ON (MIRROR / MOSAIC) (DVC Mode) EIS ON (DVC Mode) D.ZOOM ON (DVC Mode) D.ZOOM / EIS ON (DVC Mode) VID-97-D003 February 1997 25 KS7314 3. Gyro micom register table (2 complement) s REG. Name DIGITAL ZOOM REGISTER DESCRIPTION HINT(9BIT) : HORIZONTAL MOTION VECTOR(2s COMPLEMENT INTEGER) WORD1 WORD2 HINT HMV(8BIT) : HORIZONTAL MOTION VECTOR(2s COMPLEMENT SUB-PIXEL) 23 SIGN 22 X 17 16 -511 ~ +511 87 -255 ~ +255 0 WORD3 HMV SIGN BIT HINT HMV MSB 1 bit is the sign bit and relates to the integrals and the decimals both. WORD 4 VMV VERTICAL MOTION VECTIO SUB-PIXEL. ( 0 ~ 255 ) Note) Gyro micom interface timing SCSN SCLK SI 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 word 8(1 Byte) command(1 Byte) control data(9 Byte) VID-97-D003 February 1997 26 KS7314 APPLICATION CIRCUIT KS7213 TIMING GEN. DIGITAL ZOOM GND 3V 5V 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 VD VBLK HD LHLD GND PCK VDD1 VDD1 BISTON ERROR DONE GND TEST0 TEST1 TEST2 PBLK RST VDD2 FLD 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 GYRO MICOM 5V 80 PAL FWEN GND GSCK GSI GSCSN VDD1 GND UVCK GND CI0 CI1 CI2 CI3 VDD1 CO0 CO1 CO2 CO3 VDD2 YI0 YI1 YI2 GND TEST3 KS7314 GND NAND-OUT VDD1 MUL-TO DZSCSN DZSI DZSCK GND GND DZCBLKO DZBFO DZCSYNCO VDD1 GND DZCBLKI DZBFI DZCSYNCI GND GND GND 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 SYSTEM MICOM YI3 YI4 YI5 VDD1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 VI6 YI7 YO0 YO1 GND YO2 YO3 YO4 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 VDD2 YO5 YO6 YO7 5V KS7306 (DCP2) VID-97-D003 February 1997 27 KS7314 PACKAGE DIMENSION 80 - QFP - 1212 DIGITAL ZOOM unit: mm VID-97-D003 February 1997 28 |
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